He explained God had given the Mongols their shamans. Tengri would understand your true worth, and you would receive your proper reward. While religious tolerance was certainly a result of Tengrism itself, there was also a more practical reason. Genghis Khan knew that any persecution of an individual belief system would cause conflict within the empire.
As a result, in his famous Yassa code, he decreed that all religions were equal before the law. Additionally, he determined that all religious leaders were exempt from taxation and public service. While there were few places of worship built during his reign because of the Mongols nomadic lifestyle , all religions were represented at his court.
Genghis enjoyed learning philosophical and moral teachings from religious leaders. He consulted Buddhist monks, Christian missionaries, Muslims and Taoists on his quest of learning. Genghis led a campaign against Kuchlug, killing him and declaring religious freedom on those lands. He retained his fathers view on religious freedom as more people were added to the empire.
In , rival religions were ordered to argue their ideas before a panel of judges. However, the Mongols had a tradition of drinking fermented mares milk after each round of combat. Eventually, this got to the contestants and the competition ended without a winner.
However, this event is significant in the annals of history as possibly being the first time religions were made to use logic and reason to debate their beliefs. Perhaps Tengrism was always doomed to fail. The nature of those belief systems meant they were never content with a lack of belief in others. In order to give salvation to others, the Abrahamic religions spread around the world at colossal pace.
Like the thousands of other polytheistic religions, it was sentenced to a slow decline and inevitable death. By the time of the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty in by Kublai Khan, the Empire was no longer unified. The khanates were effectively independent of each other. The Yuan Dynasty contained a wide variety of different religions.
After Kublai Khan adopted Tibetan Buddhism, it became the state religion, but there were many others. The Mongol conquests introduced a large population of Muslims into the empire. Tengrism was retained by the Mongol invaders alongside Christianity, Confucianism, Taoism, Hinduism, Chinese folk religion, other forms of Buddhism, and many more.
The other 3 khanates converted to Islam during the first century of Mongol rule. In the s he had enough support among the Borjigin clans that they elected him the fifth Khan of the Mongol, and he took the name Chingis meaning "Oceanic" , which came through Persian to English as Genghis. Jamugha, a rival claimant to the Mongol leadership, then gathered the neighboring tribes of Mongolia, the Tatar, Kereyid, Naiman, and Merkid, into a series of wars against Genghis Khan. He conquered them one by one, and incorporated them into his army, until in he proclaimed the Yeke Mongol Ulus, or Great Mongol Nation, which history came to know as the Mongol Empire.
Genghis came to believe that Heaven mandated him and his descendants to conquer the world. Before he died in , he arranged to have his empire divided among his three sons who still lived, and the two sons of his son that predeceased him.
Genghis's descendants conquered the rest of China, Persia, and Russia, briefly creating the largest land empire that history had ever seen. Genghis's Khan's Mongols were known for their brutality, but historians debate to what extent Mongol propaganda rather than fact is responsible for this. David Nicole wrote in his work The Mongol Warlords : "terror and mass extermination of anyone opposing them was a well-tested Mongol tactic.
In , Genghis Khan created the Mongol Empire. Among his subjects were millions of Muslims, Buddhists, Taoists, Christians and animists, and they not only fought each other but among themselves. To stop the bloodshed, Genghis used a powerful two-pronged approach. He gave everyone the right to chose their religion while bringing every organized religion firmly under the rule of law.
He offered freedom of religion, in other words, but no separation of church and state. To enforce his power over religions, he lured officials with exemptions from taxes as well as state duties like military service. He also offered financial support, freedom of belief and practice, and respect so long as they obeyed him.
If they showed the slightest sign of defiance? Genghis saw that in matters of religion there was no need to persuade, bargain or compromise. Then, many people believe that Genghis Khan faith is Shamanism. But as for your information, Genghis Khan was very tolerant with various religions like Islam, Christian, Buddhist and many more. No wonder, many people said that Genghis Khan is hero of religion freedom.
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