Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Gross domestic product GDP is the value of a nation's finished domestic goods and services during a specific time period. A related but different metric, the gross national product GNP , is the value of all finished goods and services owned by a country's residents over a period of time.
Both GDP and GNP are two of the most commonly used measures of a country's economy, both of which represent the total market value of all goods and services produced over a defined period. There are differences between how each one defines the scope of the economy. While GDP limits its interpretation of the economy to the geographical borders of the country, GNP extends it to include the net overseas economic activities performed by its nationals.
Gross domestic product is the most basic indicator used to measure the overall health and size of a country's economy. It is the overall market value of the goods and services produced domestically by a country.
GDP is an important figure because it gives an idea of whether the economy is growing or contracting. Calculating GDP includes adding together private consumption or consumer spending, government spending, capital spending by businesses, and net exports—exports minus imports.
Here's a brief overview of each component:. Because it is subject to pressures from inflation, GDP can be broken up into two categories—real and nominal. A country's real GDP is the economic output after inflation is factored in, while nominal GDP is the output that does not take inflation into account. It is used to compare different quarters in a year. GDP can be used to compare the performance of two or more economies, acting as a key input for making investment decisions in a country.
It also helps government draft policies to drive local economic growth. When the GDP rises, it means the economy is growing. Conversely, if it drops, the economy shrinks and may be in trouble.
But if the economy grows to the point where inflation builds up, a country may reach its full production capacity. Central banks will then step in, tightening their monetary policies to slow down growth. During these periods, monetary policy is eased to stimulate growth. Longer periods of negative GDP, which indicates more spending than production, can cause big damage to the economy. It leads to jobs loses businesses closures and idle productive capacity. Gross national product is another metric used to measure a country's economic output.
Where GDP looks at the value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, GNP is the market value of goods and services produced by all citizens of a country—both domestically and abroad.
It factors in citizenship but overlooks location. For that reason, it's important to note that GNP does not include the output of foreign residents. For example, a Canadian NFL player who sends his income home to Canada, or a German investor who transfers the dividend income generated from her shareholdings to Germany, will both be excluded from GNP.
On the other hand, if a U. GNP can be calculated by adding consumption, government spending, capital spending by businesses, and net exports exports minus imports and net income by domestic residents and businesses from overseas investments. This figure is then subtracted from the net income earned by foreign residents and businesses from domestic investment. A quick look at the absolute GDP and GNP numbers of a particular country over the past two years indicate they mostly move in sync.
There is a nominal difference between GDP and GNP figures of a particular country depending upon how the economic activities of the nation are spread across domestically or globally. For instance, many American businesses, entrepreneurs, service providers, and individuals who operate across the globe have helped the nation secure a positive net inflow from the overseas economic activities and assets.
This bumps up U. Greece, which was recently going through a long-running financial problem owing to a debt crisis, also has higher GNP than GDP. Amid the economic crisis in Greece, not many foreigners may be operating in a country which may limit its GDP. Other nations like China , the U. This indicates these nations are seeing a net overall outflow from the country. Citizens and businesses of these countries operating overseas are generating lesser income compared to the income generated by the foreign citizens and businesses operating in these countries.
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